英语的平行结构是什么
唐正茂回答:
平行结构
一、连词连接两个对等的词和对等的结构
并列连词and,but,aswellas,or,orelse,both…and,neither…nor,either…or,notonly…but(also),
ratherthan等以及从属连词than可连接两个对等的词和对等的结构.
1.所连接的谓语形式必须一致
例1:Hewentdowntown,boughtsomebooksandvisitedhisdaughter.
例2:Gunpowderwasdiscoveredinthetwelfthcentury,butnotusedinwarfareuntiltwohundredyearslater.
2.所连接的词或短语形式必须一致
例1:Yoursemestergradeisbasednotonlyonhowwellyoudooneachtest,butalsoonhowyouparticipatein
class.
例2:Weoftengotothecountrysideaswellastofactories.
例3:Iwouldmuchrathergotothecountrysidethanstayhere.
3.连接的非谓语动词的形式必须一致
例1:Somefindswimmingmoreenjoyablethansittingathomereading.
例2:Hewasengagedinwritingaletterratherthanreadingthenewspaper.
4.所连接的句子结构必须一致
例1:Sheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenandallthatyouhavetoldhim.
例2:Thepurposeoftheresearchhadamoredifferentmeaningforthemthanitdidforus.
二、某些特定的固定结构.例如:
(1)有些词后要用平行结构.例如:
prefersthtosth
preferdoingsthtodoingsth
prefertodosthratherthandosth
1)Ipreferricetonoodles.
2)IpreferwatchingTVtolisteningtomusic.
3)Hepreferredtodieratherthansurrender.
(2)有些结构中要用平行结构.例如:
would/hadrather/soonerdosomethingthandosomething,would/hadassoondosomethingasdosomething
(宁可……也不……)
1)LiuHulansaidshehadratherdiethangiveup.
2)Iwouldassoonstayathomeasgo.
III部分强调句
要强调句子的某一部分,可以把句子的结构改变一下,通常有两种表示强调的句式:Itis/was…that…结构和What…is
/was…结构.
一、Itis/was…that…结构
1.Itis/was…that…结构可以用来强调句子中几乎任何部分
例1:ItwasmymotherthatthrewaneggatMr.Liyesterday.
例2:ItwasMr.Lithatmymotherthrewaneggatyesterday.
2.被强调的部分指人时,可用who枵whom
强调主语时,如果指的是人,可以不用that而用who来代替.强调宾语时,如果指点的是人,可用whom.例如:
1)Itwasthedeanwhowalkedby.
2)ItwasMarywhomtheoldladymissedmost.
3被强调部分指物时,要用that
例如:ItwasaneggthatmymotherthrewatMr.Liyesterday.
4.被强调部分是状语时,也只能用that,不能用when或where.
例1:ItisduringhissparetimethatJohnhasbeenstudyingacourseinFrench.
例2:Itwasinthehallthatthemayorheldthepressconference.
5.不能用Itis/was…that结构强调动词
强调动词常用do,过去式用did.例如:
1)Theydidstudyveryhardyesterday.
2)Hedoeslookforwardtomakingtheacquaintanceofher.
What…is/was…结构
二、What…is/was…结构常用来强调主语或宾语,在这种结构中,is/was后面是强调的部分.例如:
1)Whathurtsismyleftleg.
2)WhatIlikeisherstyle.